Ubuntu軟件源更新設計
在向大家詳細介紹Ubuntu軟件源之前,首先讓大家了解下buntu軟件包,然后全面介紹Ubuntu軟件源 ,希望對大家有用。Ubuntu 是一個完全以 Linux 為基礎的操作系統, 可自由的獲得,并提供社區和專業的支持。
Ubuntu軟件源
對于Ubuntu的在線更新設計,相信您一定覺得十分方便,因為這可以提高系統安裝的速度,并節省下載安裝CD/DVD的大量時間(目前的Linux 發行版安裝都需要多張CD或DVD,對于上網帶寬不足的用戶,這常會造成下載的困難)。
不知您是否想過,這些Ubuntu軟件到底存放在哪里?是否可以指定下載的位置?解決此類問題,就必須提及Ubuntu使用的“Ubuntu軟件源”(Software Repositories)。在Ubuntu中所謂的“Ubuntu軟件源”,是指在世界上許多服務器上放置的Ubuntu軟件數據庫。就目前而言,Ubuntu軟件源中大概有17 000個不同的Ubuntu軟件包。由于Ubuntu軟件源是開放給所有的Ubuntu用戶進行更新,所以只要在Ubuntu軟件源中定期上傳***版本的Ubuntu軟件,便可確保所有用戶都用到***發布的Ubuntu軟件包。
默認Ubuntu軟件源
Ubuntu安裝時,系統會根據選擇的時區來指定默認的Ubuntu軟件源,以加快用戶下載更新時的速度。例如,在安裝時,如果選擇的時區為上海,則系統就會指定使用中國的UbuntuUbuntu軟件源。如果希望了解目前系統所用的Ubuntu軟件源列表,首先需要打開/etc/apt/sources.list文件。下面的范例是筆者目前的計算機設置,其中會列出不同用途的Ubuntu軟件源網址:
Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-updates main restricted multiverse universe
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'universe'
repository.
N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy universe
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy universe
Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
repository.
N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security main restricted multiverse universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security universe
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu dapper-commercial main
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn dapper main universe multiverse restricted
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://static.audacious-media-player.org/ubuntu dapper main
deb-src http://static.audacious-media-player.org/ubuntu dapper main
更改Ubuntu軟件源
不過有時若遇到某些突發狀況,例如因為地震而引起的國際電纜線斷裂,或到國外出差或旅行,此時如果仍嘗試連接默認的Ubuntu軟件源,可能會引起Ubuntu軟件更新的失敗。因此需視實際情況來更改Ubuntu軟件源的位置,當然,可以直接編輯/etc/apt/sources.list文件的內容,不過為了避免使用錯誤的語法,以及不正確的Ubuntu軟件源地址,因此一般都建議使用圖形界面的Ubuntu軟件源設置程序——synaptic。
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