MySQL內(nèi)存表的弊端
作者：佚名
MySQL內(nèi)存表不是提高讀性能的萬(wàn)能工具，它也是有著一定的弊端的，下文就為您分析MySQL內(nèi)存表的不足，供您參考學(xué)習(xí)之用。
MySQL內(nèi)存表使我們經(jīng)常會(huì)用到的，但是 MySQL內(nèi)存表的也不是提高讀性能的***工具，在有些情況下，MySQL內(nèi)存表可能會(huì)比其實(shí)表類型的B-TREE更慢。
- CREATE TABLE `mem_test` (
- `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
- `name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
- `first` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
- KEY `NewIndex1` (`name`,`first`)
- ) ENGINE=MEMORY ;
- CREATE TABLE `innodb_test` (
- `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
- `name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
- `first` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
- KEY `NewIndex1` (`name`,`first`)
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB;
如：
1：在= 或者<=> 情況下，飛快，但是在如< 或>情況下，他是不使用索引
- mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:33:45>>explain select * from mem_test where id>3;
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | mem_test | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 15 | Using where |
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:33:49>>explain select * from innodb_test where id>3;
- +----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
- +----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | innodb_test | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL | 7 | Using where |
- +----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2：不能用在order by情況下來(lái)提高速度
- mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:33:55>>explain select * from innodb_test order by id;
- +----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
- | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
- +----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | innodb_test | index | NULL | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL | 15 | |
- +----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:34:27>>explain select * from mem_test order by id;
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
- | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | mem_test | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 15 | Using filesort |
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3：不能確定倆值之間有多少行
- mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:37:14>>explain select count(1) from mem_test where id>3 and id<6;
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | mem_test | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 20 | Using where |
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:40:35>>explain select count(1) from innodb_test where id>3 and id<6;
- +----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
- | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
- +----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | innodb_test | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL | 1 | Using where; Using index |
- +----+-------------+-------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4：在多列索引的情況下，只有全部指定才能利用hash掃描，而B(niǎo)-tree確可以利用索引的最左端來(lái)查找
- mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:37:07>>explain select * from innodb_test where name='b';
- +----+-------------+-------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
- | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
- +----+-------------+-------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | innodb_test | ref | NewIndex1 | NewIndex1 | 33 | const | 8 | Using where; Using index |
- +----+-------------+-------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql--root@localhost:17db 07:37:10>>explain select * from mem_test where name='b';
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | mem_test | ALL | NewIndex1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 20 | Using where |
- +----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
當(dāng)然內(nèi)存表也可以手動(dòng)添加btree
- CREATE INDEX BTREE_index USING BTREE on mem_test(name,first)
- mysql--root@localhost:17db 03:36:41>>explain select * from mem_test where name='b';
- +----+-------------+----------+------+-----------------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
- | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
- +----+-------------+----------+------+-----------------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | mem_test | ref | NewIndex1,BTREE_index | BTREE_index | 33 | const | 9 | Using where |
- +----+-------------+----------+------+-----------------------+-------------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
哈哈，它也用到索引了。
所以要選擇合適的存儲(chǔ)引擎至關(guān)重要。
【編輯推薦】
mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)大小寫的問(wèn)題討論
MySQL MyISAM表結(jié)構(gòu)的恢復(fù)
責(zé)任編輯：段燃
來(lái)源：
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
