Oracle數據庫中各種類型的文件損壞與修復過程詳解
Oracle數據庫的文件有哪些種類呢?這些文件在什么情況下容易被損壞呢?損壞以后又該怎么樣去修復呢?本文就介紹了這些內容,包括了10中Oracle文件的損壞與修復的過程,這10種文件幾乎涵蓋了Oracle數據庫中所有類型的文件,接下來就讓我們一起來了解一下這10種文件的損壞與修復的過程吧。
一、數據庫服務器基本情況
OS:RHEL 3
CPU:4個Intel(R) Xeon(TM) MP CPU 2.70GHz
Mem:8G
Swap:16G
Disk:120G
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.3.0
二、備份方式
數據庫以archive模式運行,RMAN多級增量備份。策略如下:
設置控制文件自動備份。
每三個月做一個數據庫的全備份(包括所有得數據庫和只讀表空間),并備份歸檔日志。
每一個月做一次零級備份(不包含只讀表空間),并備份歸檔日志。
每周做一次一級備份,并備份歸檔日志。
每天做一次二級備份,并備份歸檔日志。
三、恢復案例
所有恢復的前提:已經做過數據庫全備份(包括歸檔日志),控制文件和spfile自動備份。
1.損壞一個數據文件
(1)故障模擬
刪除數據文件:rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf
關閉數據庫:shutdown immediate;
- ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4
- ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf'
- ORA-27041: unable to open file
- Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
- Additional information: 3
強行關閉:sutdown abort;
啟動數據庫:startup;
- ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 4 - see DBWR trace file
- ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/users01.dbf'
(2)恢復步驟
- rman target sys@dbnms catalog rmanuser@cata
- run{
- allocate channel c1 type disk;
- restore datafile 4;
- recover datafile 4;
- sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';
- sql 'alter database open';
- release channel c1;
- }
- sqlplus sys as sysdba
- select instance_name,status from v$instance;
- INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
- ---------------- ------------
- dbnms OPEN
恢復成功。
2.損壞全部數據文件
(1)故障模擬
刪除數據文件:rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/*.dbf
強行關閉:sutdown abort;
啟動數據庫:startup;
- ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
- ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/system01.dbf'
(2)恢復步驟
- rman target sys@dbnms catalog rmanuser@cata
- run{
- allocate channel c1 type disk;
- restore database;
- recover database;
- sql 'alter database open';
- release channel c1;
- }
- sqlplus sys as sysdba
- select instance_name,status from v$instance;
- INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
- ---------------- ------------
- dbnms OPEN
恢復臨時文件:
- alter database tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' drop;
- alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' size 50M autoextend on next 5M maxsize unlimited;
恢復成功。
3.損壞非當前聯機日志成員
(1)故障模擬
刪除日志文件:rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log
關閉數據庫:shutdown immediate;
啟動數據庫:startup;
- select * from v$logfile;
- GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
- ---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---
- 3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo03.log NO
- 2 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo02.log NO
- 1 INVALID ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log NO
- 1 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo11.log NO
- 1 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo21.log NO
- 2 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo12.log NO
- 3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo13.log NO
- 2 STALE ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo22.log NO
- 3 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo23.log NO
- 4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo31.log NO
- 4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo32.log NO
- GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
- ---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---
- 4 ONLINE /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo33.log NO
(2)恢復步驟
- alter database drop logfile member '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log';
- alter database add logfile member '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log' to group 1;
恢復成功.
4.損壞非當前聯機日志組
(1)故障模擬
刪除日志文件組1的所有文件:
- rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log
- rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo11.log
- rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/redo21.log
關閉數據庫:shutdown immediate;
啟動數據庫:startup;
- Database mounted.
- ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
- ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo11.log'
- ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo21.log'
- ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log'
(2)恢復步驟
- alter database clear logfile group 1;
如果該日志組還沒有歸檔,則用:
- alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;
打開數據庫:
- alter database open;
恢復成功。
#p#
5.損壞全部聯機日志
(1)故障模擬
刪除日志文件:rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/*.log
關閉數據庫:shutdown immediate;
啟動數據庫:startup;
- Database mounted.
- ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
- ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo11.log'
- ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo21.log'
- ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log'
(2)恢復步驟
- shutdown immediate;
- create pfile from spfile;
- cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
- vi initdbnms.ora
加一個參數:_allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
- create spfile from pfile;
- startup;
- Database mounted.
- ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
- ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo11.log'
- ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo21.log'
- ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo01.log'
- recover database until cancel;
- alter database open resetlogs;
同步catalog:
- rman target sys@dbnms catalog rmanuser@cata
- reset database;
- new incarnation of database registered in recovery catalog
- starting full resync of recovery catalog
- full resync complete
做一個full備份:
- /home/oracle/dbbat/backup_full.sh
恢復成功
6.損壞一個控制文件
(1)故障模擬
刪除控制文件:rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/control01.ctl
關閉數據庫:shutdown immediate;
- ORA-00210: cannot open the specified controlfile
- ORA-00202: controlfile: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/control01.ctl'
- ORA-27041: unable to open file
- Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
- Additional information: 3
(2)恢復步驟
拷貝一個好的控制文件:
- cp control02.ctl control01.ctl
- shutdown immediate;
- startup;
- Database mounted.
- ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification check
- ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/system01.dbf'
- ORA-01207: file is more recent than controlfile - old controlfile
- rman target sys@dbnms catalog rmanuser@cata
- run{
- allocate channel c1 type disk;
- restore database;
- recover database;
- sql 'alter database open';
- release channel c1;
- }
- RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
- RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
- RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
- RMAN-03009: failure of sql command on default channel at 09/08/2005 17:29:04
- RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database open
- ORA-00322: log 3 of thread 1 is not current copy
- ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo03.log'
- ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo13.log'
- ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/redo23.log'
- alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
- alter database open;
恢復成功。
7.損壞全部控制文件
(1)故障模擬
刪除控制文件:rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/control01.ctl
關閉數據庫:shutdown immediate;
- ORA-00210: cannot open the specified controlfile
- ORA-00202: controlfile: '/u02/oradata/dbnms/control01.ctl'
- ORA-27041: unable to open file
- Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
- Additional information: 3
(2)恢復步驟
- shutdown abort;
- startup nomount;
- rman target sys catalog rmanuser@cata
- run{
- allocate channel c1 type disk;
- restore controlfile;
- restore database;
- sql 'alter database mount';
- recover database;
- sql 'alter database open resetlogs';
- release channel c1;
- }
- RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
- RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
- RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
- RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/08/2005 17:43:31
- RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 9 lowscn 670233
- alter database open resetlogs;
做一個full備份:
- /home/oracle/dbbat/backup_full.sh
恢復成功
8.損壞臨時數據文件
(1)故障模擬
刪除臨時數據文件:rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf
關閉數據庫:shutdown immediate;
啟動數據庫:startup;
(2)恢復步驟
- alter database tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' drop;
- ERROR at line 1:
- ORA-01516: nonexistent log file, datafile, or tempfile
- "/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf"
- alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' size 50M autoextend on next 5M maxsize unlimited;
恢復成功
9.損壞spfile參數文件
(1)故障模擬
刪除spfile文件:rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfiledbnms.ora
關閉數據庫:shutdown immediate;
啟動數據庫:startup;
(2)恢復步驟
- startup nomount;
- rman target sys catalog rmanuser@cata
- restore spfile;
- shutdown immediate;
- startup;
恢復成功
10.損壞全部文件(包括全部數據文件、控制文件、臨時數據文件、聯機日志文件)
(1)故障模擬
刪除全部文件:rm /u02/oradata/dbnms/*
關閉數據庫:shutdown immediate;
- ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
(2)恢復步驟
- sqlplus sys as sysdba
- startup nomount;
- rman target sys catalog rmanuser@cata
還原控制文件:restore controlfile;
還原數據庫:restore database;
mount 數據庫:alter database mount;
恢復數據庫:recover database;
- RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
- RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
- RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
- RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/09/2005 10:33:13
- RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 19 lowscn 718284
用resetlogs方式打開數據庫:alter database open resetlogs;
- database opened
- new incarnation of database registered in recovery catalog
- starting full resync of recovery catalog
- full resync complete
重建臨時文件:
- sqlplus sys as sysdba
- alter database tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' drop;
- ERROR at line 1:
- ORA-01516: nonexistent log file, datafile, or tempfile
- "/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf"
- alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u02/oradata/dbnms/temp01.dbf' size 50M autoextend on next 5M maxsize unlimited;
執行一次全庫備份:/home/oracle/dbbat/backup_full.sh,恢復成功。
關于Oracle數據庫損壞文件的修復方法就就介紹到這里了,希望本次的介紹能夠帶給您一些收獲吧!
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