功能說明：以樹狀圖列出目錄的內容。

語法：tree[-aACdDfFgilnNpqstux][-I<范本樣式>][-P<范本樣式>][目錄...]

補充說明：執行tree指令，它會列出指定目錄下的所有文件，包括子目錄里的文件。

參數：

-a顯示所有文件和目錄。

-A使用ASNI繪圖字符顯示樹狀圖而非以ASCII字符組合。

-C在文件和目錄清單加上色彩，便于區分各種類型。

-d顯示目錄名稱而非內容。

-D列出文件或目錄的更改時間。

-f在每個文件或目錄之前，顯示完整的相對路徑名稱。

-F在執行文件，目錄，Socket，符號連接，管道名稱名稱，各自加上"*","/","=","@","|"號。

-g列出文件或目錄的所屬群組名稱，沒有對應的名稱時，則顯示群組識別碼。

-i不以階梯狀列出文件或目錄名稱。

-I<范本樣式>不顯示符合范本樣式的文件或目錄名稱。

-l如遇到性質為符號連接的目錄，直接列出該連接所指向的原始目錄。

-n不在文件和目錄清單加上色彩。

-N直接列出文件和目錄名稱，包括控制字符。

-p列出權限標示。

-P<范本樣式>只顯示符合范本樣式的文件或目錄名稱。

-q用"?"號取代控制字符，列出文件和目錄名稱。

-s列出文件或目錄大小。

-t用文件和目錄的更改時間排序。

-u列出文件或目錄的擁有者名稱，沒有對應的名稱時，則顯示用戶識別碼。

-x將范圍局限在現行的文件系統中，若指定目錄下的某些子目錄，其存放于另一個文件系統上，則將該子目錄予以排除在尋找范圍外。

#p#

NAME

tree - list contents of directories in a tree-like format.

SYNOPSIS

tree [-adfgilnopqrstuxACDFNS] [-L level [-R]] [-H baseHREF] [-T title] [-o filename] [--nolinks] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--dirsfirst] [--version] [--help] [directory ...]
 

DESCRIPTION

Tree is a recursive directory listing program that produces a depth indented listing of files. Color is supported ala dircolors if the LS_COLORS environment variable is set, output is to a tty, and the -C flag is used. With no arguments, tree lists the files in the current directory. When directory arguments are given, tree lists all the files and/or directories found in the given directories each in turn. Upon completion of listing all files/directories found, tree returns the total number of files and/or directories listed.

By default, when a symbolic link is encountered, the path that the symbolic link refers to is printed after the name of the link in the format:
 

    name -> real-path
 

If the `-l' option is given and the symbolic link refers to an actual directory, then tree will follow the path of the symbolic link as if it were a real directory.
 

OPTIONS

Tree understands the following command line switches:

--help

Outputs a verbose usage listing.

--version

Outputs the version of tree.

-a

All files are printed. By default tree does not print hidden files (those beginning with a dot `.'). In no event does tree print the file system constructs `.' (current directory) and `..' (previous directory).

-d

List directories only.

-f

Prints the full path prefix for each file.

-i

Makes tree not print the indentation lines, useful when used in conjunction with the -f option.

-l

Follows symbolic links if they point to directories, as if they were directories. Symbolic links that will result in recursion are avoided when detected.

-x

Stay on the current file-system only. Ala find -xdev.

-P pattern

List only those files that match the wild-card pattern. Note: you must use the -a option to also consider those files beginning with a dot `.' for matching. Valid wildcard operators are `*' (any zero or more characters), `?' (any single character), `[...]' (any single character listed between brackets (optional - (dash) for character range may be used: ex: [A-Z]), and `[^...]' (any single character not listed in brackets) and `|' separates alternate patterns.

-I pattern

Do not list those files that match the wild-card pattern.

--noreport

Omits printing of the file and directory report at the end of the tree listing.

-p

Print the protections for each file (as per ls -l).

-s

Print the size of each file along with the name.

-u

Print the username, or UID # if no username is available, of the file.

-g

Print the group name, or GID # if no group name is available, of the file.

-D

Print the date of the last modification time for the file listed.

--inodes

Prints the inode number of the file or directory

--device

Prints the device number to which the file or directory belongs

-F

Append a `/' for directories, a `=' for socket files, a `*' for executable files and a `|' for FIFO's, as per ls -F

-q

Print non-printable characters in filenames as question marks instead of the default caret notation.

-N

Print non-printable characters as is instead of the default caret notation.

-r

Sort the output in reverse alphabetic order.

-t

Sort the output by last modification time instead of alphabetically.

--dirsfirst

List directories before files.

-n

Turn colorization off always, over-ridden by the -C option.

-C

Turn colorization on always, using built-in color defaults if the LS_COLORS environment variable is not set. Useful to colorize output to a pipe.

-A

Turn on ANSI line graphics hack when printing the indentation lines.

-S

Turn on ASCII line graphics (useful when using linux console mode fonts). This option is now equivalent to `--charset=IBM437' and will eventually be depreciated.

-L level

Max display depth of the directory tree.

-R

Recursively cross down the tree each level directories (see -L option), and at each of them execute tree again adding `-o 00Tree.html' as a new option.

-H baseHREF

Turn on HTML output, including HTTP references. Useful for ftp sites. baseHREF gives the base ftp location when using HTML output. That is, the local directory may be `/local/ftp/pub', but it must be referenced as `ftp://hostname.organization.domain/pub' (baseHREF should be `ftp://hostname.organization.domain'). Hint: don't use ANSI lines with this option, and don't give more than one directory in the directory list. If you wish to use colors via CCS stylesheet, use the -C option in addition to this option to force color output.

-T title

Sets the title and H1 header string in HTML output mode.

--charset charset

Set the character set to use when outputting HTML and for line drawing.

--nolinks

Turns off hyperlinks in HTML output.

-o filename

Send output to filename.

 

FILES

/etc/DIR_COLORS                System color database.

~/.dircolors                   Users color database.

 

ENVIRONMENT

LS_COLORS              Color information created by dircolors

TREE_CHARSET   Character set for tree to use in HTML mode.

LC_CTYPE               Locale for filename output.
 

AUTHOR

Steve Baker (ice@mama.indstate.edu)
HTML output hacked by Francesc Rocher (rocher@econ.udg.es)
Charsets and OS/2 support by Kyosuke Tokoro (NBG01720@nifty.ne.jp)

BUGS

Tree does not prune "empty" directories when the -P and -I options are used. Tree prints directories as it comes to them, so cannot accumulate information on files and directories beneath the directory it is printing. Probably more.

SEE ALSO

dircolors(1L), ls(1L), find(1L)