CCNA認證:交換機配置和端口安全
交換機配置實例拓撲圖如下:
交換機基本配置
- Switch> enable Switch# config ter
- Switch(config)# hostname Switch Switch(config)# interface vlan 1
- Switch(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0 Switch(config-if)# no shutdown
- Switch(config-if)# exit Switch(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1
- Switch(config)# end Switch#show int vlan 1
- Vlan1 is administratively down, line protocol is down Hardware is CPU Interface, address is 0001.9719.ab57 (bia 0001.9719.ab57)
- Internet address is 192.168.1.10/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 1000000 usec,
- reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
- ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 21:40:21, output never, output hang never
- Last clearing of “show interface” counters never Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
- Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
- 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
- 1682 packets input, 530955 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicast)
- 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
- 563859 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 23 interface resets
- 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out Switch#
配置各臺PC 的設置
- a) PC1 IP ADDRESS:192.168.1.100
- SUBMASK: 255.255.255.0 DEFAULT-GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1
- b) PC2 IP ADDRESS:192.168.1.101
- SUBMASK: 255.255.255.0 DEFAULT-GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1
- c) PC3 IP ADDRESS:192.168.1.102
- SUBMASK: 255.255.255.0 DEFAULT-GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1
驗證
- d) PC1
- ping 192.168.1.101
- ping 192.168.1.102
能通
- e) PC2
- ping 192.168.1.100
- ping 192.168.1.102
能通
查看交換機動態(tài)學習到的MAC 表
因為我們通過ping 命令互相訪問,交換機會動態(tài)學習到各個PC 的MAC 地址!
- Switch#show mac-address-table Mac Address Table
- ——————————————-
- Vlan Mac Address Type Ports —- ———– ——– —–
- 1 0001.4246.a36c DYNAMIC Fa0/3
- 1 0009.7c35.7001 DYNAMIC Fa0/24 1 00d0.58b6.24da DYNAMIC Fa0/2
- 1 00d0.bc37.3d6b DYNAMIC Fa0/1
現(xiàn)在配置交換機的F0/1 接口只允許PC0 的接入,其它PC 非法接入該接口會關閉無法使。
- Switch# config term Switch(config)# interface f0/1
- Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access //將接口設置為訪問接口 Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security //在該接口上啟動端口安全
- Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security mac 00d0.58b6.24da //將PC0 的MAC 地址和該接口綁定,該MAC 地址可以通過第三步查看到
- Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security maximum 1 //因為我們只允許PC0 訪問,這里將訪問量設置為1
- Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown //將非法用戶接入后的動作為關閉接口
驗證:
- Switch# show port-security interface f0/1 Port Security : Enabled
- Port Status : Secure-up Violation Mode : Shutdown
- Aging Time : 0 mins Aging Type : Absolute
- SecureStatic Address Aging : Disabled Maximum MAC Addresses : 1
- Total MAC Addresses : 1 Configured MAC Addresses : 1
- Sticky MAC Addresses : 0 Last Source Address:Vlan : 00D0.58B6.24DA:1
- Security Violation Count : 0
#p#
測試端口安全
a) PC1
ping 192.168.1.101
能PING 通
b) 重新配置新的PC,IP 地址配置為192.168.1.103,子網(wǎng)掩碼為255.255.255.0,將原PC0 從交換機的f0/1 口移出,將新的PC 接入到交換機的F0/1 口(如下)
c) PC4 中
Ping 192.168.1.101
d) 結果發(fā)現(xiàn)交換機出現(xiàn)如下提示:
- %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to administratively down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state todown
因為交換機的F0/1 口配置了端口安全,只允許MAC 為00d0.58b6.24da 訪問該接口,新的PC 機的MAC 地址不符合條件,交換機就會按照配置將該接口shutdown。
e) PC4 中再次訪問PC1 和PC2 都無法正常訪問
- Switch#Ping 192.168.1.101 Pinging 192.168.1.101 with 32 bytes of data:
- Request timed out. Request timed out.
- Request timed out. Request timed out.
- Ping statistics for 192.168.1.101: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss)
f) 交換機中驗證:
- Switch# show port-security interface F0/1 Port Security : Enabled
- Port Status : Secure-shutdown Violation Mode : Shutdown
- Aging Time : 0 mins Aging Type : Absolute
- SecureStatic Address Aging : Disabled Maximum MAC Addresses : 1
- Total MAC Addresses : 1 Configured MAC Addresses : 1
- Sticky MAC Addresses : 0 Last Source Address:Vlan : 00E0.F961.D8C7:1
- Security Violation Count : 1 //安全動作統(tǒng)計為1
配置交換機的靜態(tài)MAC
a) 配置靜態(tài)綁定
- Switch# config termi Switch(config)# mac-address-table static 0001.4246.a36c vlan 1 interface f0/2 //將MAC 地址為0001.4246.a36c 靜態(tài)綁定到vlan1 中的接口F0/2
- SW1# show mac Mac Address Table
- ——————————————- Vlan Mac Address Type Ports
- —- ———– ——– —– 1 0001.4246.a36c STATIC Fa0/2
b) 靜態(tài)指定的MAC 地址,交換機重新啟動后不會從MAC 表中丟失,動態(tài)學習到MAC地址交換機重新啟動后會丟失將交換機重新啟動驗證靜態(tài)綁定MAC
- SW1# write Destination filename [startup-config]?
- Building configuration… [OK]
- SW1# reload
c) 啟動后,查看交換機的MAC 地址表
- SW1# show mac Mac Address Table
- ——————————————- Vlan Mac Address Type Ports
- —- ———– ——– —– 1 0001.4246.a36c STATIC Fa0/2
- 1 00d0.58b6.24da STATIC Fa0/1
交換機是組網(wǎng)設備中關鍵角色之一,所以它的配置是非常關鍵的,本文意在讓初學者能夠掌握基本的交換機配置方法,在CCNA認證時也是至關重要的。