PostgreSQL連接Perl
安裝
PostgreSQL可以用Perl使用Perl DBI模塊,這是一個Perl編程語言的數據庫訪問模塊集成。它定義了一套方法,變數和約定,提供一個標準的數據庫接口。
下面是簡單的步驟,Linux/Unix機器上安裝DBI模塊:
- $ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TI/TIMB/DBI-1.625.tar.gz
- $ tar xvfz DBI-1.625.tar.gz
- $ cd DBI-1.625
- $ perl Makefile.PL
- $ make
- $ make install
如果需要安裝DBI的SQLite的驅動,那么它可以被安裝如下:
- $ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TU/TURNSTEP/DBD-Pg-2.19.3.tar.gz
- $ tar xvfz DBD-Pg-2.19.3.tar.gz
- $ cd DBD-Pg-2.19.3
- $ perl Makefile.PL
- $ make
- $ make install
在開始使用Perl的PostgreSQL的接口,需要在PostgreSQL安裝目錄中找到pg_hba.conf文件,并添加下面一行:
- # IPv4 local connections:
- host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
可以使用下面的命令啟動/重新啟動Postgres的服務器的如果它沒有運行:
- [root@host]# service postgresql restart
- Stopping postgresql service: [ OK ]
- Starting postgresql service: [ OK ]
DBI 接口APIs
以下是重要的DBI例程,可以根據要求使用Perl程序操作SQLite數據庫。如果更復雜的應用程序,那么可以看看到的Perl DBI官方文檔。
連接到數據庫
下面的Perl代碼顯示了如何連接到一個現有的數據庫。如果數據庫不存在,那么它就會被創建,終于將返回一個數據庫對象。
- #!/usr/bin/perl
- use DBI;
- use strict;
- my $driver = "Pg";
- my $database = "testdb";
- my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database;host=127.0.0.1;port=5432";
- my $userid = "postgres";
- my $password = "pass123";
- my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
- or die $DBI::errstr;
- print "Opened database successfully\n";
現在讓我們運行上面的程序來打開我們的數據庫testdb中,如果成功打開數據庫,然后它會給下面的消息:
- Open database successfully
#p#
創建表
下面的Perl程序將在以前創建的數據庫中創建一個表:
- #!/usr/bin/perl
- use DBI;
- use strict;
- my $driver = "Pg";
- my $database = "testdb";
- my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database;host=127.0.0.1;port=5432";
- my $userid = "postgres";
- my $password = "pass123";
- my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
- or die $DBI::errstr;
- print "Opened database successfully\n";
- my $stmt = qq(CREATE TABLE COMPANY
- (ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
- NAME TEXT NOT NULL,
- AGE INT NOT NULL,
- ADDRESS CHAR(50),
- SALARY REAL););
- my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt);
- if($rv < 0){
- print $DBI::errstr;
- } else {
- print "Table created successfully\n";
- }
- $dbh->disconnect();
上述程序執行時,它會在數據庫testdb 創建COMPANY 表公司,它會顯示以下消息:
- Opened database successfully
- Table created successfully
INSERT 操作
Perl程序,顯示我們如何在上面的例子中創建COMPANY 表中的記錄:
- #!/usr/bin/perl
- use DBI;
- use strict;
- my $driver = "Pg";
- my $database = "testdb";
- my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database;host=127.0.0.1;port=5432";
- my $userid = "postgres";
- my $password = "pass123";
- my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
- or die $DBI::errstr;
- print "Opened database successfully\n";
- my $stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
- VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ));
- my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;
- $stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
- VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ));
- $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;
- $stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
- VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 ));
- $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;
- $stmt = qq(INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
- VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 ););
- $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;
- print "Records created successfully\n";
- $dbh->disconnect();
上述程序執行時,它會創建COMPANY表中的記錄,并會顯示以下兩行:
- Opened database successfully
- Records created successfully
SELECT 操作
Perl程序,表明我們如何獲取并顯示在上面的例子中創建表COMPANY 中的記錄:
- #!/usr/bin/perl
- use DBI;
- use strict;
- my $driver = "Pg";
- my $database = "testdb";
- my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database;host=127.0.0.1;port=5432";
- my $userid = "postgres";
- my $password = "pass123";
- my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
- or die $DBI::errstr;
- print "Opened database successfully\n";
- my $stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY;);
- my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );
- my $rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;
- if($rv < 0){
- print $DBI::errstr;
- }
- while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
- print "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
- print "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
- print "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
- print "SALARY = ". $row[3] ."\n\n";
- }
- print "Operation done successfully\n";
- $dbh->disconnect();
當上述程序執行時,它會產生以下結果:
- Opened database successfully
- ID = 1
- NAME = Paul
- ADDRESS = California
- SALARY = 20000
- ID = 2
- NAME = Allen
- ADDRESS = Texas
- SALARY = 15000
- ID = 3
- NAME = Teddy
- ADDRESS = Norway
- SALARY = 20000
- ID = 4
- NAME = Mark
- ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
- SALARY = 65000
- Operation done successfully
#p#
UPDATE 操作
Perl代碼顯示如何,我們可以使用UPDATE語句來更新任何記錄,然后從COMPANY 表獲取并顯示更新的記錄:
- #!/usr/bin/perl
- use DBI;
- use strict;
- my $driver = "Pg";
- my $database = "testdb";
- my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database;host=127.0.0.1;port=5432";
- my $userid = "postgres";
- my $password = "pass123";
- my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
- or die $DBI::errstr;
- print "Opened database successfully\n";
- my $stmt = qq(UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;);
- my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;
- if( $rv < 0 ){
- print $DBI::errstr;
- }else{
- print "Total number of rows updated : $rv\n";
- }
- $stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY;);
- my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );
- $rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;
- if($rv < 0){
- print $DBI::errstr;
- }
- while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
- print "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
- print "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
- print "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
- print "SALARY = ". $row[3] ."\n\n";
- }
- print "Operation done successfully\n";
- $dbh->disconnect();
當上述程序執行時,它會產生以下結果:
- Opened database successfully
- Total number of rows updated : 1
- ID = 1
- NAME = Paul
- ADDRESS = California
- SALARY = 25000
- ID = 2
- NAME = Allen
- ADDRESS = Texas
- SALARY = 15000
- ID = 3
- NAME = Teddy
- ADDRESS = Norway
- SALARY = 20000
- ID = 4
- NAME = Mark
- ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
- SALARY = 65000
- Operation done successfully
DELETE 操作
Perl代碼顯示了我們如何使用DELETE語句刪除任何記錄,然后獲取COMPANY 表并顯示剩余記錄 :
- #!/usr/bin/perl
- use DBI;
- use strict;
- my $driver = "Pg";
- my $database = "testdb";
- my $dsn = "DBI:$driver:dbname=$database;host=127.0.0.1;port=5432";
- my $userid = "postgres";
- my $password = "pass123";
- my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $userid, $password, { RaiseError => 1 })
- or die $DBI::errstr;
- print "Opened database successfully\n";
- my $stmt = qq(DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;);
- my $rv = $dbh->do($stmt) or die $DBI::errstr;
- if( $rv < 0 ){
- print $DBI::errstr;
- }else{
- print "Total number of rows deleted : $rv\n";
- }
- $stmt = qq(SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY;);
- my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $stmt );
- $rv = $sth->execute() or die $DBI::errstr;
- if($rv < 0){
- print $DBI::errstr;
- }
- while(my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
- print "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
- print "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
- print "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
- print "SALARY = ". $row[3] ."\n\n";
- }
- print "Operation done successfully\n";
- $dbh->disconnect();
當上述程序執行時,它會產生以下結果:
- Opened database successfully
- Total number of rows deleted : 1
- ID = 1
- NAME = Paul
- ADDRESS = California
- SALARY = 25000
- ID = 3
- NAME = Teddy
- ADDRESS = Norway
- SALARY = 20000
- ID = 4
- NAME = Mark
- ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
- SALARY = 65000
- Operation done successfully
原文鏈接: