LKU：一套在Ubuntu/LinuxMint上編譯、安裝和更新最新內核的Shell腳本
作者：2daygeek
Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU)提供一組 shell 腳本(三個 Shell 腳本)，可以幫助用戶從 kernel.org 獲取并編譯和安裝最新的 Linux 內核，也可以從 kernel.ubuntu.com 獲取安裝最新的預編譯的 Ubuntu 內核。甚至可以根據需要選擇所需的內核(手動內核選擇)。
以手動方式安裝和升級***的 Linux 內核對于每個人來說都不是一件小事，甚至包括一些有經驗的人也是如此。它需要對 Linux 內核有深入的了解。過去我們已經介紹了 UKUU(Ubuntu Kernel Upgrade Utility)，它可以從 kernel.ubuntu.com 網站上自動檢測***的主線內核，并彈出一個不錯的窗口界面進行安裝。
Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU)提供一組 shell 腳本(三個 Shell 腳本)，可以幫助用戶從 kernel.org 獲取并編譯和安裝***的 Linux 內核，也可以從 kernel.ubuntu.com 獲取安裝***的預編譯的 Ubuntu 內核。甚至可以根據需要選擇所需的內核(手動內核選擇)。
該腳本還將根據 PGP 簽名文件檢查下載的歸檔文件，并且可以選擇通用和低延遲版內核。
建議閱讀：ukuu：一種在基于 Ubuntu 的系統上輕松安裝升級 Linux 內核的方式
它可以刪除或清除所有非活動的內核，并且不會為了安全目的留下備份的內核。強烈建議在執行此腳本之前重新啟動一次。
- compile_linux_kernel.sh ：用戶可以從 kernel.org 編譯和安裝所需的或***的內核
- update_ubuntu_kernel.sh ：用戶可以從 kernel.ubuntu.com 安裝并更新所需或***的預編譯 Ubuntu 內核
- remove_old_kernels.sh ：這將刪除或清除所有非活動內核，并且只保留當前加載的版本
kernel.org 有固定的發布周期(每三個月一次)，發布的內核包括了新的功能，改進了硬件和系統性能。由于它具有標準的發布周期，除了滾動發布的版本(如 Arch Linux，openSUSE Tumbleweed 等)，大多數發行版都不提供***的內核。
如何安裝 Linux Kernel Utilities (LKU)
正如我們在文章的開頭所說的，它的 shell 腳本集只是克隆開發人員的 github 倉庫并運行相應的 shell 文件來執行這個過程。
- $ git clone https://github.com/mtompkins/linux-kernel-utilities.git && cd linux-kernel-utilities
安裝指定版本內核
為了測試的目的，我們將安裝 Linux v4.4.10-xenial 內核。在安裝新內核之前，我們需要通過 uanme -a 命令檢查當前安裝的內核版本，以便我們可以檢查新內核是否可以安裝。
- $ uname -a
- Linux magi-VirtualBox 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 18 18:33:37 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
根據上面的輸出，我們的系統使用的是 4.4.0-21 通用內核。
只需運行 update_ubuntu_kernel.sh shell 腳本。***次運行腳本時會檢查是否滿足所有的依賴關系，然后自動安裝缺少的依賴項。它會檢測系統使用的發行版，并檢索 kernel.ubuntu.com 中可用的預編譯內核。現在，從列表中選擇你需要的內核并輸入序號，然后按回車鍵，它將下載內核映像(linux-headers-4.4.10，linux-headers-4.4.10-xxx-generic 和 linux-image-4.4.10-xxx-generic)。
一旦內核鏡像被下載，它將要求輸入 sudo 密碼來啟動新內核的安裝。
- $ ./update_ubuntu_kernel.sh
- [+] Checking Distro
- \_ Distro identified as LinuxMint.
- [+] Checking Dependencies
- curl Found
- dkms Found
- git Found
- sudo Found
- wget Found
- whiptail Found
- lynx Not Found
- -- Installing Dependencies --
- [!] The first time this script is run missing dependencies will be installed.
- For compiling a kernel this may take a bit of time. Feedback will be provided.
- [+] Dependencies
- \_Elevating permissions as necessary . . .
- [%] Elevated
- [+] Testing for previous held packages and trying to correct any found.
- \_Passed
- [+] Updating package cache . . .
- \_Complete
- [+] Installing dependencies . . .
- \_Complete
- curl Found
- dkms Found
- git Found
- sudo Found
- wget Found
- whiptail Found
- lynx Found
- [+] Changing to temporary directory to work in . . .
- \_ Temporary directory access granted: /tmp/tmp.97eHDsmg2K
- [+] Removing any conflicting remnants . . .
- \_ Done
- [+] Retrieving available kernel choices . . .
- \_ Precompiled kernels available from kernel.ubuntu.com:
- 1) Linux v4.11 2) Linux v4.11.3 3) Linux v4.11.2 4) Linux v4.11.1
- 5) Linux v4.10 6) Linux v4.10.17 7) Linux v4.10.16 8) Linux v4.10.15
- 9) Linux v4.10.14 10) Linux v4.10.13 11) Linux v4.10.12
- [ 節略 ……]
- 249) Linux v4.0.3-wily 250) Linux v4.0.2-wily 251) Linux v4.0.1-wily 252) Linux v4.0-vivid
- Select your desired kernel: 158
- Do you want the lowlatency kernel? (y/[n]):
- [+] Processing selection
- \_ Determining CPU type: amd64
- \_ Locating source of v4.4.10-xenial generic kernel packages.
- \_ Done
- [+] Checking AntiVirus flag and disabling if necessary
- [+] Installing kernel . . .
- [sudo] password for magi:
- Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.4.10-040410.
- (Reading database ... 230647 files and directories currently installed.)
- Preparing to unpack linux-headers-4.4.10-040410_4.4.10-040410.201605110631_all.deb ...
- Unpacking linux-headers-4.4.10-040410 (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic.
- Preparing to unpack linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic_4.4.10-040410.201605110631_amd64.deb ...
- Unpacking linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic.
- Preparing to unpack linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic_4.4.10-040410.201605110631_amd64.deb ...
- Done.
- Unpacking linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Setting up linux-headers-4.4.10-040410 (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Setting up linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d.
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Setting up linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Running depmod.
- update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
- Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Warning: No support for locale: en_IN
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.10-040410-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Generating grub configuration file ...
- Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic
- Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
- Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
- done
- \_ Done
安裝后需要重新啟動以使用新安裝的內核。
- $ sudo reboot now
現在，你正在使用的就是新安裝的 4.4.10-040410-generic 版本內核。
- $ uname -a
- Linux magi-VirtualBox 4.4.10-040410-generic #201605110631 SMP Wed May 11 10:33:23 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
安裝***版本內核
過程與上述相同，它將自動安裝***版本的內核。
- $ ./update_ubuntu_kernel.sh --latest
- [+] Checking Distro
- \_ Distro identified as LinuxMint.
- [+] Checking Dependencies
- curl Found
- dkms Found
- git Found
- sudo Found
- wget Found
- whiptail Found
- lynx Found
- [+] Changing to temporary directory to work in . . .
- \_ Temporary directory access granted: /tmp/tmp.pLPYmCze6S
- [+] Removing any conflicting remnants . . .
- \_ Done
- [+] Retrieving available kernel choices . . .
- \_ Precompiled kernels available from kernel.ubuntu.com:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.11.3-041103-generic
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.11.3-041103-generic
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.10-040410-generic
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
- Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-21-generic
- Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-21-generic
- Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
- Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
- done
- \_ Done
安裝后需要重新啟動以使用新安裝的內核。
- $ sudo reboot now
現在，你正在使用的就是***版本 4.11.3-041103-generic 的內核。
- $ uname -a
- Linux magi-VirtualBox 4.11.3-041103-generic #201705251233 SMP Thu May 25 16:34:52 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
刪除或清除舊內核
只需要運行 remove_old_kernels.sh shell 腳本即可刪除或清除所有非活動狀態的內核。
- $ ./remove_old_kernels.sh
- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- +++ W A R N I N G +++
- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- A reboot is recommended before running this script to ensure the current kernel tagged
- as the boot kernel is indeed registered and old kernels properly marked for removal.
- If you have just installed or modified your existing kernel and do not reboot before
- running this script it may render you system INOPERABLE and that would indeed suck.
- You have been warned.
- ~the Mgmt
- [?]Continue to automagically remove ALL old kernels? (y/N)y
- \_ Removing ALL old kernels . . .
- [sudo] password for magi:
- Reading package lists... Done
- Building dependency tree
- Reading state information... Done
- The following packages will be REMOVED:
- linux-headers-4.4.0-21* linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic* linux-headers-4.4.10-040410*
- linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic* linux-headers-4.4.9-040409* linux-headers-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency*
- linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic* linux-image-4.4.10-040410-generic* linux-image-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency*
- linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic* linux-kernel-generic*
- 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 11 to remove and 547 not upgraded.
- After this operation, 864 MB disk space will be freed.
- (Reading database ... 296860 files and directories currently installed.)
- Removing linux-kernel-generic (4.4.0-21) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic (4.4.0-21.37) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.0-21 (4.4.0-21.37) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.10-040410-generic (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.10-040410 (4.4.10-040410.201605110631) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency (4.4.9-040409.201605041832) ...
- Removing linux-headers-4.4.9-040409 (4.4.9-040409.201605041832) ...
- Removing linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic (4.4.0-21.37) ...
- .
- .
- .
- done
- Purging configuration files for linux-image-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency (4.4.9-040409.201605041832) ...
- Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.9-040409-lowlatency /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
- run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.9-040409-lowlatency /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.9-040409-lowlatency
責任編輯：龐桂玉
來源：
Linux中國
