如何在Linux中安裝Rust編程語言
Rust 通常被稱為 rust-lang。Rust 是一個由 Mozilla Research 贊助的通用的、多范式、現代的、跨平臺和開源系統編程語言。
它旨在實現安全性、速度和并發性等目標。
Rust 在語法上與 C++ 相似,但它的設計者希望它在保持性能的同時提供更好的內存安全性。
Rust 目前在許多組織中使用,例如 Firefox、Chef、Dropbox、Oracle、GNOME 等。
如何在 Linux 中安裝 Rust 語言?
我們可以通過多種方式安裝 Rust,但以下是官方推薦的安裝方式。
$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
info: downloading installer
Welcome to Rust!
This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust programming
language, and its package manager, Cargo.
It will add the cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands to Cargo's bin
directory, located at:
/home/daygeek/.cargo/bin
This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by modifying the
profile files located at:
/home/daygeek/.profile
/home/daygeek/.bash_profile
You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and these changes will
be reverted.
Current installation options:
default host triple: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
default toolchain: stable
modify PATH variable: yes
1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>1
info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
info: latest update on 2018-12-06, rust version 1.31.0 (abe02cefd 2018-12-04)
info: downloading component 'rustc'
77.7 MiB / 77.7 MiB (100 %) 1.2 MiB/s ETA: 0 s
info: downloading component 'rust-std'
54.2 MiB / 54.2 MiB (100 %) 1.2 MiB/s ETA: 0 s
info: downloading component 'cargo'
4.7 MiB / 4.7 MiB (100 %) 1.2 MiB/s ETA: 0 s
info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
8.5 MiB / 8.5 MiB (100 %) 1.2 MiB/s ETA: 0 s
info: installing component 'rustc'
info: installing component 'rust-std'
info: installing component 'cargo'
info: installing component 'rust-docs'
info: default toolchain set to 'stable'
stable installed - rustc 1.31.0 (abe02cefd 2018-12-04)
Rust is installed now. Great!
To get started you need Cargo's bin directory ($HOME/.cargo/bin) in your PATH
environment variable. Next time you log in this will be done automatically.
To configure your current shell run source $HOME/.cargo/env
運行以下命令配置當前 shell。
$ source $HOME/.cargo/env
運行以下命令驗證已安裝的 Rust 版本。
$ rustc --version
rustc 1.31.0 (abe02cefd 2018-12-04)
如何測試 Rust 編程語言?
安裝 Rust 后,請按照以下步驟檢查 Rust 語言是否正常工作。
$ mkdir ~/projects
$ cd ~/projects
$ mkdir hello_world
$ cd hello_world
創建一個文件并添加以下代碼并保存。確保 Rust 文件始終以 .rs 擴展名結尾。
$ vi 2g.rs
fn main() {
println!("Hello, It's 2DayGeek.com - Best Linux Practical Blog!");
}
運行以下命令編譯 rust 代碼。
$ rustc 2g.rs
上面的命令將在同一目錄中創建一個可執行的 Rust 程序。
$ ls -lh
total 3.9M
-rwxr-xr-x 1 daygeek daygeek 3.9M Dec 14 11:09 2g
-rw-r--r-- 1 daygeek daygeek 86 Dec 14 11:09 2g.rs
運行 Rust 可執行文件得到輸出。
$ ./2g
Hello, It's 2DayGeek.com - Best Linux Practical Blog!
好了!正常工作了。
將 Rust 更新到***版本。
$ rustup update
info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
info: checking for self-updates
stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu unchanged - rustc 1.31.0 (abe02cefd 2018-12-04)
運行以下命令從系統中刪除 Rust 包。
$ rustup self uninstall
卸載 Rust 包后,刪除 Rust 項目目錄。
$ rm -fr ~/projects