JavaScript類和繼承:constructor屬性
constructor屬性始終指向創(chuàng)建當(dāng)前對象的構(gòu)造函數(shù)。比如下面例子:
- // 等價于 var foo = new Array(1, 56, 34, 12);
- var arr = [1, 56, 34, 12];
- console.log(arr.constructor === Array); // true
- // 等價于 var foo = new Function();
- var Foo = function() { };
- console.log(Foo.constructor === Function); // true
- // 由構(gòu)造函數(shù)實例化一個obj對象
- var obj = new Foo();
- console.log(obj.constructor === Foo); // true
- // 將上面兩段代碼合起來,就得到下面的結(jié)論
- console.log(obj.constructor.constructor === Function); // true
但是當(dāng)constructor遇到prototype時,有趣的事情就發(fā)生了。
我們知道每個函數(shù)都有一個默認的屬性prototype,而這個prototype的constructor默認指向這個函數(shù)。如下例所示:
- function Person(name) {
- this.name = name;
- };
- Person.prototype.getName = function() {
- return this.name;
- };
- var p = new Person("ZhangSan");
- console.log(p.constructor === Person); // true
- console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
- // 將上兩行代碼合并就得到如下結(jié)果
- console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
當(dāng)時當(dāng)我們重新定義函數(shù)的prototype時(注意:和上例的區(qū)別,這里不是修改而是覆蓋),constructor屬性的行為就有點奇怪了,如下示例:
- function Person(name) {
- this.name = name;
- };
- Person.prototype = {
- getName: function() {
- return this.name;
- }
- };
- var p = new Person("ZhangSan");
- console.log(p.constructor === Person); // false
- console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // false
- console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // false
為什么呢?
原來是因為覆蓋Person.prototype時,等價于進行如下代碼操作:
- Person.prototype = new Object({
- getName: function() {
- return this.name;
- }
- });
而constructor屬性始終指向創(chuàng)建自身的構(gòu)造函數(shù),所以此時Person.prototype.constructor === Object,即是:
- function Person(name) {
- this.name = name;
- };
- Person.prototype = {
- getName: function() {
- return this.name;
- }
- };
- var p = new Person("ZhangSan");
- console.log(p.constructor === Object); // true
- console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Object); // true
- console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Object); // true
怎么修正這種問題呢?方法也很簡單,重新覆蓋Person.prototype.constructor即可:
- function Person(name) {
- this.name = name;
- };
- Person.prototype = new Object({
- getName: function() {
- return this.name;
- }
- });
- Person.prototype.constructor = Person;
- var p = new Person("ZhangSan");
- console.log(p.constructor === Person); // true
- console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
- console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
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