Vue 2升級 Vue 3初探小細節
本文轉載自微信公眾號「JeffckyShare」,作者Jeffcky。轉載本文請聯系JeffckyShare公眾號。
首先,我們來講講一個例子在Vue 2中的實現,舉個栗子吧,開發過程中我們只會用到省、市、區,這里的區也可以看做是三、四線城市中的縣,若我們想要基于縣動態創建鎮、村,更有甚者,在全國各地在鎮下還劃分不同的區域,我們通過Vue結合ElementUI來實現此例子
Vue 2 + ElementUI
由于示例代碼比較多,這里我們首先直接看效果,如下:
具體代碼如下所示,太多?忽略不看,我們只講解核心問題
- <el-dialog :modal="dialogModal" :title="townTitle" @close="closeDialog" :visible.sync="dialogVisible" :close-on-click-modal="false" width="800px" top="10vh" center>
- <el-row>
- <el-form label-width="40px" ref="form" size="mini">
- <el-form-item>
- <el-button size="small" @click="createMultipleTown" icon="el-icon-plus">添加鎮</el-button>
- </el-form-item>
- <el-form-item v-for="(town, tindex) in form.towns" :key="tindex" style="border: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;margin:10px 0 20px 0;">
- <el-row style="margin:20px 0 20px 0;">
- <el-col :span="19">
- <el-button type="danger" size="small" icon="el-icon-delete" @click="removeTown(tindex)">移除鎮</el-button>
- </el-col>
- </el-row>
- <el-row style="margin:20px 0 20px 0;">
- <el-col :span="4">
- 鎮名稱
- </el-col>
- <el-col :span="19">
- <el-input maxlength="30" v-model="town.townName" placeholder="請輸入鎮名稱"></el-input>
- </el-col>
- </el-row>
- <el-row style="margin-bottom:20px;">
- <el-col :span="4">
- 區域、村
- </el-col>
- <el-col :span="20">
- <el-radio-group v-model="town.option">
- <el-radio @change="dynamicAddRegion(tindex)" label="添加區域"></el-radio>
- <el-radio label="添加村" @change="dynamicAddVillage(tindex)"></el-radio>
- </el-radio-group>
- </el-col>
- </el-row>
- <el-row v-for="(region, rindex) in town.regions" :key="rindex" style="margin-bottom:20px;">
- <el-row>
- <el-col :span="4">
- {{region.regionTitle}}
- </el-col>
- <el-col :span="5" style="margin-right:20px;" v-show="town.townRegionVisible">
- <el-input size="small" maxlength="30" v-model="region.regionName" placeholder="請輸入區域名稱"></el-input>
- </el-col>
- <el-col :span="5" style="margin-right:20px;">
- <el-tooltip class="item" effect="dark" content="輸入村名稱并回車,即可連續添加" placement="top">
- <el-input size="small" maxlength="30" v-model="region.villageName" @keyup.enter.native="getVillage(tindex, rindex)" placeholder="請輸入村名稱"></el-input>
- </el-tooltip>
- </el-col>
- <el-col :span="5" v-show="!town.townRegionVillageVisible">
- <el-button size="small" icon="el-icon-plus" @click="continueAddRegion(tindex)">追加區域</el-button>
- </el-col>
- <el-col :span="3" v-show="!town.townRegionVillageVisible" style="width:100px;">
- <el-button size="small" type="danger" icon="el-icon-delete" @click="removeRegion(tindex, rindex)">移除區域</el-button>
- </el-col>
- </el-row>
- <el-row>
- <el-col :span="4">
- <span> </span>
- </el-col>
- <el-col :span="20">
- <el-tag :key="tagindex" v-for="(tag, tagindex) in region.tags" closable :disable-transitions="false" style="margin:10px 10px 0 0;" @close="handleClose(tindex, rindex, tagindex)">
- {{tag}}
- </el-tag>
- </el-col>
- </el-row>
- </el-row>
- </el-form-item>
- </el-form>
- </el-row>
- <el-row v-show="saveButtonVisible">
- <el-col :span="20">
- <span> </span>
- </el-col>
- <el-col :span="2">
- <el-button @click="save" type="primary">確定</el-button>
- </el-col>
- <el-col :span="1">
- <el-button @click="cancel">取消</el-button>
- </el-col>
- </el-row>
- </el-dialog>
直接看如下定義數據結構可得知,存在三層遍歷,第一層遍歷從鎮開始,第二層遍歷從鎮下區域開始,最后一層遍歷則是區域下的村(即上述標簽)
- form: {
- areaId: 0,
- towns: [
- {
- townName: '',
- regions: [{
- regionTitle: '',
- regionName: '',
- villageName: '',
- tags: []
- }]
- }
- ]}
在Vue 2中一直存在的問題則是無法監聽數組,若我沒記錯的話,Vue 2是通過Object.defineProperty()來監聽對象,也就是后臺語言中對應的屬性get和set方法
結合上述示例圖和代碼,當我們輸入村名稱時,然后回車,則將村名稱添加到村數組中去,然后通過el-tag標簽進行遍歷渲染
接下來問題來了,此時我們想要刪除村,所以點擊村標簽的刪除圖標,毫無疑問直接將區域下的村數組通過索引將其移除即可,但是,但是,根本無法移除,因為此時區域下的村是一個數組,Vue 2無法監聽得到,也就是我們在數組中給對應村移除時,但頁面上無法同步刪除,移除方法如下:
- handleClose (tindex, rindex, tagindex) {
- let self = this
- let region = self.form.towns[tindex].regions[rindex]
- region.tags.splice(tagindex, 1)
- },
那么在Vue 2中如何解決這個問題呢?根據我們的示例來看,我們將輸入的村名稱即文本框綁定回車事件,然后將文本框綁定的模型數據添加到村數組中去,所以此時我們假裝先再次在文本框上綁定一個“占位符”,然后緊接著將其置空,給Vue 2一種“錯覺”剛才的數據沒綁定上,所以上述刪除標簽方法,變成如下即可解決:
- handleClose (tindex, rindex, tagindex) {
- let self = this
- let region = self.form.towns[tindex].regions[rindex]
- region.tags.splice(tagindex, 1)
- // 添加文本準備添加“一個占位符”,以便于頁面上能刪除標簽
- region.villageName = '占位符'
- region.villageName = ''
- },
Vue 3 + ElementPlus
空閑之余,試了試Vue 3結合ElementPlus,這個問題得到了解決,在Vue 3中通過proxy(代理)方式監聽所有屬性,當然也就包括數組,然后在Vue 3中相關鍵盤事件等,比如回車,都已通過v-on:key.enter來綁定事件實現