Sam Altman 剛剛突然發(fā)了一篇反思博客，博客中Sam說(shuō)這些年是他一生中迄今為止最有收獲、最有趣、最好、最有趣、最疲憊、最緊張，尤其是過(guò)去兩年——最不愉快的幾年，OpenAI已經(jīng)知道如何實(shí)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)定義的AGI,現(xiàn)在OpenAI轉(zhuǎn)向更遠(yuǎn)大的目標(biāo)：超級(jí)智能。

以下是中英文全文分享給大家

Sam Altman

山姆·奧特曼

Reflections

反思

The second birthday of ChatGPT was only a little over a month ago, and now we have transitioned into the next paradigm of models that can do complex reasoning. New years get people in a reflective mood, and I wanted to share some personal thoughts about how it has gone so far, and some of the things I’ve learned along the way.

ChatGPT 的第二個(gè)生日才過(guò)去一個(gè)多月，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)過(guò)渡到了下一個(gè)模型范式，它可以進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的推理。新年讓人們陷入沉思，我想分享一些個(gè)人想法，關(guān)于迄今為止的進(jìn)展，以及一路走來(lái)我學(xué)到的一些東西。

As we get closer to AGI, it feels like an important time to look at the progress of our company. There is still so much to understand, still so much we don’t know, and it’s still so early. But we know a lot more than we did when we started.

隨著我們?cè)絹?lái)越接近 AGI，我覺(jué)得現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候回顧一下我們公司的進(jìn)展了。還有很多東西需要理解，還有很多東西我們不知道，現(xiàn)在還為時(shí)尚早。但是我們比剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候知道的要多得多。

We started OpenAI almost nine years ago because we believed that AGI was possible, and that it could be the most impactful technology in human history. We wanted to figure out how to build it and make it broadly beneficial; we were excited to try to make our mark on history. Our ambitions were extraordinarily high and so was our belief that the work might benefit society in an equally extraordinary way.

我們近九年前創(chuàng)立 OpenAI，因?yàn)槲覀兿嘈?AGI 是可能的，并且它可能是人類歷史上最具影響力的技術(shù)。我們想弄清楚如何構(gòu)建它并使其廣泛受益；我們很高興能嘗試在歷史上留下自己的印記。我們的雄心壯志異常高遠(yuǎn)，我們也同樣堅(jiān)信這項(xiàng)工作可能會(huì)以同樣非凡的方式造福社會(huì)。

At the time, very few people cared, and if they did, it was mostly because they thought we had no chance of success.

當(dāng)時(shí)，很少有人關(guān)心，如果有的話，那主要是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為我們沒(méi)有成功的機(jī)會(huì)。

In 2022, OpenAI was a quiet research lab working on something temporarily called “Chat With GPT-3.5”. (We are much better at research than we are at naming things.) We had been watching people use the playground feature of our API and knew that developers were really enjoying talking to the model. We thought building a demo around that experience would show people something important about the future and help us make our models better and safer.

2022 年，OpenAI 還是一個(gè)安靜的研究所，致力于開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)臨時(shí)名為“與 GPT-3.5 聊天”的項(xiàng)目。（我們?cè)谘芯糠矫姹仍诿矫嬉獜?qiáng)得多。）我們一直在觀察人們使用我們 API 的 playground 功能，并且知道開(kāi)發(fā)人員真的很喜歡與模型交談。我們認(rèn)為圍繞這種體驗(yàn)構(gòu)建一個(gè)演示將向人們展示關(guān)于未來(lái)的一些重要信息，并幫助我們使我們的模型更好、更安全。

We ended up mercifully calling it ChatGPT instead, and launched it on November 30th of 2022.

我們最終還是將其命名為 ChatGPT，并于 2022 年 11 月 30 日發(fā)布。

We always knew, abstractly, that at some point we would hit a tipping point and the AI revolution would get kicked off. But we didn’t know what the moment would be. To our surprise, it turned out to be this.

我們一直抽象地知道，在某個(gè)時(shí)刻，我們會(huì)達(dá)到一個(gè)臨界點(diǎn)，人工智能革命將開(kāi)始。但我們不知道那個(gè)時(shí)刻會(huì)是什么。令我們驚訝的是，結(jié)果就是這個(gè)。

The launch of ChatGPT kicked off a growth curve like nothing we have ever seen—in our company, our industry, and the world broadly. We are finally seeing some of the massive upside we have always hoped for from AI, and we can see how much more will come soon.

ChatGPT 的發(fā)布啟動(dòng)了一條我們從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的增長(zhǎng)曲線——在我們的公司、我們的行業(yè)以及整個(gè)世界。我們終于看到了我們一直希望從人工智能中獲得的一些巨大的好處，并且我們可以看到很快會(huì)有更多的好處。

It hasn’t been easy. The road hasn’t been smooth and the right choices haven’t been obvious.

這并不容易。道路并不平坦，正確的選擇也并不明顯。

In the last two years, we had to build an entire company, almost from scratch, around this new technology. There is no way to train people for this except by doing it, and when the technology category is completely new, there is no one at all who can tell you exactly how it should be done.

在過(guò)去兩年中，我們不得不圍繞這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)從頭開(kāi)始建立一整個(gè)公司。除了親身實(shí)踐，沒(méi)有辦法培訓(xùn)人們做這件事，而且當(dāng)技術(shù)類別是全新的時(shí)，根本沒(méi)有人能確切地告訴你應(yīng)該如何做。

Building up a company at such high velocity with so little training is a messy process. It’s often two steps forward, one step back (and sometimes, one step forward and two steps back). Mistakes get corrected as you go along, but there aren’t really any handbooks or guideposts when you’re doing original work. Moving at speed in uncharted waters is an incredible experience, but it is also immensely stressful for all the players. Conflicts and misunderstanding abound.

以如此高的速度建立一家公司，卻缺乏培訓(xùn)，這是一個(gè)混亂的過(guò)程。通常是前進(jìn)兩步，后退一步（有時(shí)是前進(jìn)一步，后退兩步）。錯(cuò)誤會(huì)隨著你的前進(jìn)得到糾正，但是當(dāng)你做原創(chuàng)工作時(shí)，真的沒(méi)有任何手冊(cè)或指南。在未知的水域中快速前進(jìn)是一種難以置信的體驗(yàn)，但對(duì)所有參與者來(lái)說(shuō)也壓力巨大。沖突和誤解比比皆是。

These years have been the most rewarding, fun, best, interesting, exhausting, stressful, and—particularly for the last two—unpleasant years of my life so far. The overwhelming feeling is gratitude; I know that someday I’ll be retired at our ranch watching the plants grow, a little bored, and will think back at how cool it was that I got to do the work I dreamed of since I was a little kid. I try to remember that on any given Friday, when seven things go badly wrong by 1 pm.

這些年是我一生中迄今為止最有收獲、最有趣、最好、最有趣、最疲憊、最緊張，尤其是過(guò)去兩年——最不愉快的幾年。壓倒一切的感覺(jué)是感激；我知道有一天我會(huì)在我們的牧場(chǎng)退休，看著植物生長(zhǎng)，有點(diǎn)無(wú)聊，并且會(huì)回想起我能夠做我從小就夢(mèng)想的工作是多么酷。我試著記住這一點(diǎn)，在任何一個(gè)星期五，當(dāng)下午 1 點(diǎn)之前有七件事出了大問(wèn)題的時(shí)候。

A little over a year ago, on one particular Friday, the main thing that had gone wrong that day was that I got fired by surprise on a video call, and then right after we hung up the board published a blog post about it. I was in a hotel room in Las Vegas. It felt, to a degree that is almost impossible to explain, like a dream gone wrong.

一年多前，在一個(gè)特別的星期五，那天發(fā)生的主要問(wèn)題是，我在一次視頻通話中意外被解雇了，然后就在我們掛斷電話后，董事會(huì)發(fā)布了一篇關(guān)于此事的博客文章。我當(dāng)時(shí)在拉斯維加斯的一家酒店房間里。這感覺(jué)就像一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)，其程度幾乎無(wú)法解釋。

Getting fired in public with no warning kicked off a really crazy few hours, and a pretty crazy few days. The “fog of war” was the strangest part. None of us were able to get satisfactory answers about what had happened, or why.

在沒(méi)有任何警告的情況下被公開(kāi)解雇，引發(fā)了非常瘋狂的幾個(gè)小時(shí)，以及相當(dāng)瘋狂的幾天。“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)迷霧”是最奇怪的部分。我們沒(méi)有人能夠得到關(guān)于發(fā)生了什么或?yàn)槭裁窗l(fā)生的滿意答案。

The whole event was, in my opinion, a big failure of governance by well-meaning people, myself included. Looking back, I certainly wish I had done things differently, and I’d like to believe I’m a better, more thoughtful leader today than I was a year ago.

在我看來(lái)，整個(gè)事件是包括我在內(nèi)的善意人士在治理方面的重大失敗。回想起來(lái)，我當(dāng)然希望我當(dāng)時(shí)做了不同的事情，而且我愿意相信今天的我比一年前是一個(gè)更好、更深思熟慮的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

I also learned the importance of a board with diverse viewpoints and broad experience in managing a complex set of challenges. Good governance requires a lot of trust and credibility. I appreciate the way so many people worked together to build a stronger system of governance for OpenAI that enables us to pursue our mission of ensuring that AGI benefits all of humanity.

我還了解到，擁有一個(gè)具有不同觀點(diǎn)和廣泛經(jīng)驗(yàn)的董事會(huì)在管理一系列復(fù)雜挑戰(zhàn)方面的重要性。良好的治理需要大量的信任和信譽(yù)。我很感謝這么多人一起努力，為 OpenAI 建立了一個(gè)更強(qiáng)大的治理體系，使我們能夠追求我們的使命，確保 AGI 造福全人類。

My biggest takeaway is how much I have to be thankful for and how many people I owe gratitude towards: to everyone who works at OpenAI and has chosen to spend their time and effort going after this dream, to friends who helped us get through the crisis moments, to our partners and customers who supported us and entrusted us to enable their success, and to the people in my life who showed me how much they cared. [1]

我最大的收獲是我有多么感激，以及我有多少人要感謝：感謝在 OpenAI 工作的每一個(gè)人，他們選擇花費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力去追逐這個(gè)夢(mèng)想；感謝幫助我們度過(guò)危機(jī)時(shí)刻的朋友們；感謝支持我們并委托我們幫助他們?nèi)〉贸晒Φ暮献骰锇楹涂蛻簦桓兄x我生命中那些向我表達(dá)了他們有多么關(guān)心我的人。[1]

We all got back to the work in a more cohesive and positive way and I’m very proud of our focus since then. We have done what is easily some of our best research ever. We grew from about 100 million weekly active users to more than 300 million. Most of all, we have continued to put technology out into the world that people genuinely seem to love and that solves real problems.

我們都以一種更具凝聚力和積極的方式回到了工作中，我為我們從那時(shí)起的專注感到非常自豪。我們完成了一些有史以來(lái)最好的研究。我們的周活躍用戶從大約 1 億增長(zhǎng)到 3 億多。最重要的是，我們繼續(xù)向世界推出人們真正喜愛(ài)并解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的技術(shù)。

Nine years ago, we really had no idea what we were eventually going to become; even now, we only sort of know. AI development has taken many twists and turns and we expect more in the future.

九年前，我們真的不知道我們最終會(huì)變成什么樣子；即使是現(xiàn)在，我們也只是大概知道。人工智能的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了許多曲折，我們預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)還會(huì)有更多曲折。

Some of the twists have been joyful; some have been hard. It’s been fun watching a steady stream of research miracles occur, and a lot of naysayers have become true believers. We’ve also seen some colleagues split off and become competitors. Teams tend to turn over as they scale, and OpenAI scales really fast. I think some of this is unavoidable—startups usually see a lot of turnover at each new major level of scale, and at OpenAI numbers go up by orders of magnitude every few months. The last two years have been like a decade at a normal company. When any company grows and evolves so fast, interests naturally diverge. And when any company in an important industry is in the lead, lots of people attack it for all sorts of reasons, especially when they are trying to compete with it.

一些曲折是令人愉快的；有些則很艱難。看到一連串的研究奇跡發(fā)生，以及許多反對(duì)者變成了真正的信徒，這很有趣。我們也看到一些同事分裂并成為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。團(tuán)隊(duì)往往會(huì)隨著規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大而發(fā)生人員更替，而 OpenAI 的規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)非常快。我認(rèn)為其中一些是不可避免的——初創(chuàng)公司通常會(huì)在每個(gè)新的主要規(guī)模級(jí)別上看到大量的人員流動(dòng)，而在 OpenAI，數(shù)字每隔幾個(gè)月就會(huì)增加幾個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)。過(guò)去兩年就像在一家普通公司工作了十年。當(dāng)任何一家公司發(fā)展和演變得如此之快時(shí)，利益自然會(huì)出現(xiàn)分歧。當(dāng)任何一家重要行業(yè)的公司處于領(lǐng)先地位時(shí)，很多人會(huì)出于各種原因攻擊它，尤其是當(dāng)他們?cè)噲D與之競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)。

Our vision won’t change; our tactics will continue to evolve. For example, when we started we had no idea we would have to build a product company; we thought we were just going to do great research. We also had no idea we would need such a crazy amount of capital. There are new things we have to go build now that we didn’t understand a few years ago, and there will be new things in the future we can barely imagine now.

我們的愿景不會(huì)改變；我們的策略將繼續(xù)發(fā)展。例如，當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始時(shí)，我們不知道我們必須建立一家產(chǎn)品公司；我們以為我們只是要做偉大的研究。我們也不知道我們需要如此瘋狂的資本。現(xiàn)在我們必須去構(gòu)建一些幾年前我們不理解的新事物，未來(lái)還會(huì)有一些我們現(xiàn)在幾乎無(wú)法想象的新事物。

We are proud of our track-record on research and deployment so far, and are committed to continuing to advance our thinking on safety and benefits sharing. We continue to believe that the best way to make an AI system safe is by iteratively and gradually releasing it into the world, giving society time to adapt and co-evolve with the technology, learning from experience, and continuing to make the technology safer. We believe in the importance of being world leaders on safety and alignment research, and in guiding that research with feedback from real world applications.

到目前為止，我們對(duì)我們?cè)谘芯亢筒渴鸱矫娴挠涗浉械阶院溃⒅铝τ诶^續(xù)推進(jìn)我們?cè)诎踩屠婀蚕矸矫娴乃伎肌Ｎ覀內(nèi)匀幌嘈牛谷斯ぶ悄芟到y(tǒng)安全的最佳方法是迭代和逐步地將其發(fā)布到世界上，讓社會(huì)有時(shí)間適應(yīng)并與技術(shù)共同發(fā)展，從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)，并繼續(xù)使技術(shù)更安全。我們相信在安全和對(duì)齊研究方面成為世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的重要性，并用現(xiàn)實(shí)世界應(yīng)用的反饋來(lái)指導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)研究。

We are now confident we know how to build AGI as we have traditionally understood it. We believe that, in 2025, we may see the first AI agents “join the workforce” and materially change the output of companies. We continue to believe that iteratively putting great tools in the hands of people leads to great, broadly-distributed outcomes.

我們現(xiàn)在確信我們知道如何構(gòu)建我們傳統(tǒng)上理解的 AGI。我們相信，到 2025 年，我們可能會(huì)看到第一批人工智能代理“加入勞動(dòng)力大軍”，并實(shí)質(zhì)性地改變公司的產(chǎn)出。我們?nèi)匀幌嘈牛貙ゴ蟮墓ぞ呓坏饺藗兪种袝?huì)帶來(lái)偉大的、廣泛分布的結(jié)果。

We are beginning to turn our aim beyond that, to superintelligence in the true sense of the word. We love our current products, but we are here for the glorious future. With superintelligence, we can do anything else. Superintelligent tools could massively accelerate scientific discovery and innovation well beyond what we are capable of doing on our own, and in turn massively increase abundance and prosperity.

我們開(kāi)始將目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)向更遠(yuǎn)的地方，轉(zhuǎn)向真正意義上的超級(jí)智能。我們熱愛(ài)我們目前的產(chǎn)品，但我們是為了光輝的未來(lái)而來(lái)。有了超級(jí)智能，我們可以做任何其他事情。超級(jí)智能工具可以極大地加速科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)新，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出我們自己能夠做到的程度，從而極大地增加富足和繁榮。

This sounds like science fiction right now, and somewhat crazy to even talk about it. That’s alright—we’ve been there before and we’re OK with being there again. We’re pretty confident that in the next few years, everyone will see what we see, and that the need to act with great care, while still maximizing broad benefit and empowerment, is so important. Given the possibilities of our work, OpenAI cannot be a normal company.

這聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是科幻小說(shuō)，甚至談?wù)撍加悬c(diǎn)瘋狂。沒(méi)關(guān)系——我們以前就經(jīng)歷過(guò)，我們也可以再次經(jīng)歷。我們非常有信心，在接下來(lái)的幾年里，每個(gè)人都會(huì)看到我們所看到的，并且在仍然最大化廣泛利益和賦權(quán)的同時(shí)，謹(jǐn)慎行事的必要性是如此重要。鑒于我們工作的可能性，OpenAI 不可能成為一家普通公司。

How lucky and humbling it is to be able to play a role in this work.

能夠在這項(xiàng)工作中發(fā)揮作用是多么幸運(yùn)和謙卑。

(Thanks to Josh Tyrangiel for sort of prompting this. I wish we had had a lot more time.)

（感謝 Josh Tyrangiel 的某種程度上的提示。我希望我們有更多的時(shí)間。）

[1]

There were a lot of people who did incredible and gigantic amounts of work to help OpenAI, and me personally, during those few days, but two people stood out from all others.

在那幾天里，有很多人做了令人難以置信的巨大工作來(lái)幫助 OpenAI 和我個(gè)人，但有兩個(gè)人比其他人更突出。

Ron Conway and Brian Chesky went so far above and beyond the call of duty that I’m not even sure how to describe it. I’ve of course heard stories about Ron’s ability and tenaciousness for years and I’ve spent a lot of time with Brian over the past couple of years getting a huge amount of help and advice.

Ron Conway 和 Brian Chesky 所做的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了職責(zé)范圍，我甚至不知道該如何描述。當(dāng)然，多年來(lái)我一直聽(tīng)說(shuō) Ron 的能力和堅(jiān)韌不拔，并且在過(guò)去幾年里，我花了很多時(shí)間與 Brian 在一起，獲得了大量的幫助和建議。

But there’s nothing quite like being in the foxhole with people to see what they can really do. I am reasonably confident OpenAI would have fallen apart without their help; they worked around the clock for days until things were done.

但是，沒(méi)有什么能比得上和人們一起在戰(zhàn)壕里更能看出他們真正的能力了。我有理由相信，如果沒(méi)有他們的幫助，OpenAI 就會(huì)崩潰；他們夜以繼日地工作了幾天，直到事情完成。

Although they worked unbelievably hard, they stayed calm and had clear strategic thought and great advice throughout. They stopped me from making several mistakes and made none themselves. They used their vast networks for everything needed and were able to navigate many complex situations. And I’m sure they did a lot of things I don’t know about.

盡管他們工作得令人難以置信地努力，但他們始終保持冷靜，并始終擁有清晰的戰(zhàn)略思維和出色的建議。他們阻止我犯了幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，而他們自己沒(méi)有犯任何錯(cuò)誤。他們利用他們龐大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)做了一切需要的事情，并且能夠處理許多復(fù)雜的情況。我相信他們做了很多我不知道的事情。

What I will remember most, though, is their care, compassion, and support.

不過(guò)，我最記得的是他們的關(guān)心、同情和支持。

I thought I knew what it looked like to support a founder and a company, and in some small sense I did. But I have never before seen, or even heard of, anything like what these guys did, and now I get more fully why they have the legendary status they do. They are different and both fully deserve their genuinely unique reputations, but they are similar in their remarkable ability to move mountains and help, and in their unwavering commitment in times of need. The tech industry is far better off for having both of them in it.

我以為我知道支持創(chuàng)始人和公司是什么樣子，從某種意義上說(shuō)，我確實(shí)知道。但我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)，甚至從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)像這些人所做的那樣的事情，現(xiàn)在我更充分地理解了為什么他們擁有傳奇的地位。他們是不同的，并且都完全配得上他們真正獨(dú)特的聲譽(yù)，但他們?cè)谝粕胶蛶椭矫娴姆欠材芰σ约八麄冊(cè)谛枰獣r(shí)的堅(jiān)定承諾方面是相似的。科技行業(yè)因?yàn)橛兴麄儍蓚€(gè)而變得更好。

There are others like them; it is an amazingly special thing about our industry and does much more to make it all work than people realize. I look forward to paying it forward.

還有其他人像他們一樣；這是我們行業(yè)的一個(gè)非常特別的事情，它比人們意識(shí)到的更能使這一切運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來(lái)。我期待著將這份情誼傳遞下去。

On a more personal note, thanks especially to Ollie for his support that weekend and always; he is incredible in every way and no one could ask for a better partner.

更私人的一點(diǎn)是，特別感謝 Ollie 在那個(gè)周末和一直以來(lái)的支持；他在各個(gè)方面都令人難以置信，沒(méi)有人能要求一個(gè)更好的伴侶了。